{"id":8518,"date":"2025-06-25T08:55:52","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T08:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=8518"},"modified":"2025-06-25T08:55:55","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T08:55:55","slug":"reliable-crane-wheel-load-calculation","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/ar\/posts\/reliable-crane-wheel-load-calculation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#calculation-of-crane-wheel-load-calculation\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#crane-wheel-selection-and-verification\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-determination-of-fatigue-calculation-load-of-wheels\">1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-wheel-tread-contact-strength-calculation\">2. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#2-1-allowable-wheel-pressure-for-line-contact\">2.1 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-2-allowable-wheel-pressure-for-point-contact\">2.2 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#hidden-dangers-of-crane-wheels-not-meeting-the-standard\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#preventive-measures\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Crane-Wheel-Load-Calculation.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8530\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"calculation-of-crane-wheel-load-calculation\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644) = (G-G1)\/n + (Q+G1)*(L-L1)\/n*L&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644) = (G-G1)\/n + G1*L1\/n*L&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>G = \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629) (T)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G1 = \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 (T)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q = \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 (T)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L = \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>n = \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L1 = \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0645)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"crane-wheel-selection-and-verification\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-determination-of-fatigue-calculation-load-of-wheels\">1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a:&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 PC \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 PC \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"62\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1Determination-of-fatigue-calculation-load-of-wheels.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8519\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a - \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646)\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635<sub>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/sub> - \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635<sub>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/sub> - \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f P<sub>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/sub> \u0648 \u0628<sub>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/sub>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 1.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 P<sub>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/sub>; \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 P<sub>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/sub>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 P<sub>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/sub>; \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 P<sub>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/sub>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 P<sub>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/sub>\u061b \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 P<sub>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-wheel-tread-contact-strength-calculation\">2. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-1-allowable-wheel-pressure-for-line-contact\">2.1 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0635<sub>\u062c<\/sub>\u2264\u0643<sub>1<\/sub>\u00d7\u062f\u00d7\u0644\u00d7\u062c<sub>1<\/sub>\u00d7\u062c<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635<sub>\u062c<\/sub> \u2014- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646)\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643<sub>1<\/sub> \u2014\u2013 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u06452) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f \u2014\u2013 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u0645)\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2014\u2014 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c<sub>1<\/sub>\u2014\u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014\u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2Allowable-wheel-pressure-for-line-contact-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2Allowable-wheel-pressure-for-line-contact-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2Allowable-wheel-pressure-for-line-contact-1536x1007.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2Allowable-wheel-pressure-for-line-contact-2048x1342.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0627<sub>\u0628<\/sub><\/th><th>\u0643<sub>1<\/sub><\/th><th>\u0643<sub>2<\/sub><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>500<\/td><td>3.8<\/td><td>0.053<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>600<\/td><td>5.6<\/td><td>0.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>650<\/td><td>6.0<\/td><td>0.132<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>700<\/td><td>6.8<\/td><td>0.181<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>800<\/td><td>7.2<\/td><td>0.245<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>1. \u0635<\/em><em><sub>\u0628 <\/sub><\/em><em>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (N\/mm<\/em><em><sup>2<\/sup><\/em><em>);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0662. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 HB=\u0663\u0660\u0660~\u0663\u0668\u0660\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0661\u0665 \u0648\u0662\u0660 \u0645\u0645. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u03c3<\/em><em><sub>\u0628<\/sub><\/em><em> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>3. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644. \u03c3<sub>\u0628<\/sub>.\u2265500N\/\u0645\u0645<sup>2<\/sup> \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643<sub>1<\/sub>, <em>\u0643<sub>2<\/sub><\/em> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 \u03c3<sub>\u0628<\/sub>= 500 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629&nbsp;<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u062c<sub>1<\/sub><\/td><td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u062c<sub>1<\/sub><\/td><td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u062c<sub>1<\/sub><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td><td>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td><td>\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<sup>-1<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>200<\/td><td>0.66<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>0.94<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1.09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>160<\/td><td>0.72<\/td><td>45<\/td><td>0.96<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>125<\/td><td>0.77<\/td><td>40<\/td><td>0.97<\/td><td>12.5<\/td><td>1.11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>112<\/td><td>0.79<\/td><td>35.5<\/td><td>0.99<\/td><td>11.2<\/td><td>1.12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>100<\/td><td>0.82<\/td><td>31.5<\/td><td>1.00<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>1.13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>90<\/td><td>0.84<\/td><td>28<\/td><td>1.02<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1.14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>80<\/td><td>0.87<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>1.03<\/td><td>6.3<\/td><td>1.15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>71<\/td><td>0.89<\/td><td>22.4<\/td><td>1.04<\/td><td>5.6<\/td><td>1.16<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>63<\/td><td>0.91<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>1.06<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1.17<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>56<\/td><td>0.92<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>1.07<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u062c<sub>2<\/sub><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>1.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454<\/td><td>1.12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06455<\/td><td>1.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06457\u060c \u06458<\/td><td>0.8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-2-allowable-wheel-pressure-for-point-contact\">2.2 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"219\" height=\"62\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3Allowable-wheel-pressure-for-point-contact.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8526\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635<sub>\u062c <\/sub>\u2014- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646)\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643<sub>2 <\/sub>\u2014\u2013 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u06452)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R \u2014\u2013 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0630 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (\u0645\u0645)\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645 \u2014\u2014 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (r\/R)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c<sub>1 <\/sub>\u2014\u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3\u061b&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c<sub>2 <\/sub>\u2014\u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u0631\/\u0631<\/td><td>1.0<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><td>0.8<\/td><td>0.7<\/td><td>0.6<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.4<\/td><td>0.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645<\/td><td>0.388<\/td><td>0.400<\/td><td>0.420<\/td><td>0.440<\/td><td>0.468<\/td><td>0.490<\/td><td>0.536<\/td><td>0.600<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>1. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645 m \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 r\/R \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>2. r \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629\/\u0645\u0645<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td><td colspan=\"9\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\/(\u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"9\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 60<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">60~90<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">&gt;90~180<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.15<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.15<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>0.15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\">500<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0635 38<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>20.6<\/td><td>19.7<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>18.7<\/td><td>17.9<\/td><td>16.4<\/td><td>17.2<\/td><td>16.4<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>17.2<\/td><td>16.4<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>15.6<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>13.7<\/td><td>14.4<\/td><td>13.7<\/td><td>12.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>14.7<\/td><td>14.1<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><td>13.4<\/td><td>12.8<\/td><td>11.7<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><td>11.7<\/td><td>10.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><td>11.3<\/td><td>11.7<\/td><td>11.2<\/td><td>10.3<\/td><td>10.7<\/td><td>10.3<\/td><td>9.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0643\u064870<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>26<\/td><td>24.3<\/td><td>22.7<\/td><td>23.6<\/td><td>22.6<\/td><td>20.6<\/td><td>21.7<\/td><td>20.7<\/td><td>19<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>21.7<\/td><td>20.7<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>19.7<\/td><td>18.9<\/td><td>17.2<\/td><td>18.1<\/td><td>17.3<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>18.6<\/td><td>17.7<\/td><td>16.2<\/td><td>16.9<\/td><td>16.2<\/td><td>14.7<\/td><td>15.5<\/td><td>14.8<\/td><td>13.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>16.3<\/td><td>15.5<\/td><td>14.2<\/td><td>14.8<\/td><td>14.1<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><td>13.6<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><td>11.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\">600<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u063538\u063543<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>24.6<\/td><td>23.5<\/td><td>21.5<\/td><td>22.4<\/td><td>21.4<\/td><td>19.5<\/td><td>20.6<\/td><td>19.6<\/td><td>18<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>20.6<\/td><td>19.6<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>19.7<\/td><td>17.8<\/td><td>16.3<\/td><td>17.2<\/td><td>16.4<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>17.6<\/td><td>16.8<\/td><td>15.4<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>15.3<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>14.7<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>15.4<\/td><td>14.7<\/td><td>13.4<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>13.4<\/td><td>12.2<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><td>11.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0643\u064870<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>32<\/td><td>30.5<\/td><td>27.9<\/td><td>29.2<\/td><td>27.8<\/td><td>25.4<\/td><td>26.7<\/td><td>25.5<\/td><td>23.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>26.7<\/td><td>25.5<\/td><td>23.3<\/td><td>24.4<\/td><td>23.2<\/td><td>21.2<\/td><td>22.3<\/td><td>21.3<\/td><td>19.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>22.9<\/td><td>21.8<\/td><td>19.9<\/td><td>20.9<\/td><td>19.9<\/td><td>18.1<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><td>18.2<\/td><td>16.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><td>17.4<\/td><td>18.3<\/td><td>17.4<\/td><td>15.8<\/td><td>16.7<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><td>14.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\">700<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0635 43<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>28<\/td><td>26.8<\/td><td>24.5<\/td><td>25.5<\/td><td>24.4<\/td><td>22.3<\/td><td>23.4<\/td><td>22.4<\/td><td>20.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>23.4<\/td><td>22.4<\/td><td>20.4<\/td><td>21.3<\/td><td>20.4<\/td><td>18.6<\/td><td>19.5<\/td><td>18.7<\/td><td>17<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>19.2<\/td><td>17.5<\/td><td>18.3<\/td><td>17.4<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><td>16.7<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>14.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>17.5<\/td><td>16.7<\/td><td>15.3<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><td>15.2<\/td><td>13.9<\/td><td>14.6<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>12.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0643\u064870<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>38.6<\/td><td>36.8<\/td><td>33.6<\/td><td>35.2<\/td><td>33.5<\/td><td>30.6<\/td><td>32.2<\/td><td>30.7<\/td><td>28<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>32.2<\/td><td>30.726<\/td><td>28<\/td><td>29.4<\/td><td>28<\/td><td>25.6<\/td><td>26.9<\/td><td>25.6<\/td><td>23.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>27.6<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>24<\/td><td>25.2<\/td><td>24<\/td><td>21.9<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>20<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>24.2<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><td>20.1<\/td><td>19.2<\/td><td>17.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">800<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0643\u064870<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>43.7<\/td><td>41.7<\/td><td>38.1<\/td><td>39.8<\/td><td>38<\/td><td>34.7<\/td><td>36.4<\/td><td>34.8<\/td><td>31.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>36.4<\/td><td>34.8<\/td><td>31.8<\/td><td>33.2<\/td><td>31.7<\/td><td>29<\/td><td>30.4<\/td><td>29<\/td><td>26.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>31.2<\/td><td>29.8<\/td><td>27.2<\/td><td>28.4<\/td><td>27.2<\/td><td>24.8<\/td><td>26<\/td><td>24.9<\/td><td>22.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>27.3<\/td><td>26.1<\/td><td>23.8<\/td><td>24.9<\/td><td>23.8<\/td><td>21.7<\/td><td>22.8<\/td><td>21.8<\/td><td>19.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">900<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0643\u064a\u064880<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>50.5<\/td><td>48.1<\/td><td>44<\/td><td>46<\/td><td>43.7<\/td><td>40<\/td><td>42.2<\/td><td>40.2<\/td><td>36.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>42.4<\/td><td>40.2<\/td><td>36.8<\/td><td>38.4<\/td><td>36.5<\/td><td>33.4<\/td><td>35.2<\/td><td>33.6<\/td><td>30.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>36.1<\/td><td>34.4<\/td><td>31.5<\/td><td>32.9<\/td><td>31.2<\/td><td>28.6<\/td><td>30.2<\/td><td>28.8<\/td><td>26.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>31.6<\/td><td>30.1<\/td><td>27.5<\/td><td>28.8<\/td><td>27.3<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>26.4<\/td><td>25.1<\/td><td>23<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629\/\u0645\u0645<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td><td colspan=\"8\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\/(\u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 60<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">60~90<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">&gt;90~180<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">&gt;180<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u22651.6<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><td>\u22651.6<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><td>\u22651.6<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><td>\u22651.6<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">250<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u063511<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>3.3<\/td><td>3.09<\/td><td>2.91<\/td><td>2.81<\/td><td>2.67<\/td><td>2.58<\/td><td>2.46<\/td><td>2.34<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>2.67<\/td><td>2.58<\/td><td>2.43<\/td><td>2.34<\/td><td>2.23<\/td><td>2.15<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>1.98<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>2.38<\/td><td>2.51<\/td><td>2.08<\/td><td>2.01<\/td><td>1.91<\/td><td>1.84<\/td><td>1.76<\/td><td>1.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>1.93<\/td><td>1.82<\/td><td>1.76<\/td><td>1.67<\/td><td>1.61<\/td><td>1.54<\/td><td>1.48<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\">350<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0635 18<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>4.18<\/td><td>4.03<\/td><td>3.8<\/td><td>3.66<\/td><td>3.49<\/td><td>3.36<\/td><td>3.22<\/td><td>3.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>3.49<\/td><td>3.36<\/td><td>3.17<\/td><td>3.06<\/td><td>2.91<\/td><td>2.8<\/td><td>2.68<\/td><td>2.59<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>2.99<\/td><td>2.88<\/td><td>2.72<\/td><td>2.62<\/td><td>2.5<\/td><td>2.4<\/td><td>3.2<\/td><td>2.22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>2.61<\/td><td>2.52<\/td><td>2.38<\/td><td>2.29<\/td><td>2.18<\/td><td>2.1<\/td><td>2.01<\/td><td>1.94<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0635 24<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>14.1<\/td><td>13.5<\/td><td>12.8<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><td>11.8<\/td><td>11.3<\/td><td>10.9<\/td><td>10.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>11.8<\/td><td>11.3<\/td><td>10.7<\/td><td>10.3<\/td><td>9.85<\/td><td>9.45<\/td><td>9.1<\/td><td>8.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>10.1<\/td><td>9.65<\/td><td>9.15<\/td><td>8.8<\/td><td>8.45<\/td><td>8.1<\/td><td>7.8<\/td><td>7.45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>8.8<\/td><td>8.45<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>7.7<\/td><td>7.4<\/td><td>7.06<\/td><td>6.8<\/td><td>6.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">400<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0635 38<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>15.4<\/td><td>14.6<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>13.4<\/td><td>12.8<\/td><td>12.3<\/td><td>11.85<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>13.4<\/td><td>15.8<\/td><td>12.2<\/td><td>11.7<\/td><td>11.2<\/td><td>10.7<\/td><td>10.3<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>11.4<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>10.4<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>9.6<\/td><td>9.15<\/td><td>8.8<\/td><td>8.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>9.6<\/td><td>9.15<\/td><td>8.75<\/td><td>8.4<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>7.7<\/td><td>7.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">500<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\">\u0635 43<\/td><td>\u06451~\u06453<\/td><td>19.8<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>17.4<\/td><td>16.5<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><td>15.2<\/td><td>14.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06454\u060c \u06455<\/td><td>16.5<\/td><td>15.9<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>14.5<\/td><td>13.8<\/td><td>13.3<\/td><td>12.7<\/td><td>12.25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06456\u060c \u06457<\/td><td>14.15<\/td><td>13.7<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><td>12.45<\/td><td>11.8<\/td><td>11.4<\/td><td>10.9<\/td><td>10.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u06458<\/td><td>12.4<\/td><td>11.9<\/td><td>11.25<\/td><td>10.9<\/td><td>10.3<\/td><td>9.95<\/td><td>9.5<\/td><td>9.2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629: ZG310-570\u060c HB320\u061b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 ZG50MnMo\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 45\u060c HB = 228 ~ 255\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20%\u061b&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0633 \u2013 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u061b&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u062c - \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hidden-dangers-of-crane-wheels-not-meeting-the-standard\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a 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