{"id":12092,"date":"2026-07-29T03:25:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T03:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=12092"},"modified":"2026-07-29T03:25:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T03:25:19","slug":"crane-accidental-loads-5-design-cases","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/posts\/crane-accidental-loads-5-design-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bem: 5 n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v GB\/T 3811-2008"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>Obsah<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-crane-accidental-load-from-skewing-ps\">1. N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu v d\u016fsledku zkosen\u00ed: Ps<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-crane-gradient-load\">2. Gradientn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-crane-wind-load-pw\">3. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem je\u0159\u00e1bem PW<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#3-1-calculated-wind-pressure\">3.1 Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd tlak v\u011btru<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-2-in-service-wind-load-pw\u2171\">3.2 Provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem PWII<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-3-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-the-crane\">3.3 Provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na je\u0159\u00e1b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-4-wind-load-acting-on-the-lifted-load\">3.4 Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na zdvi\u017een\u00e9 b\u0159emeno<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-snow-and-ice-loads\">4. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sn\u011bhem a ledem<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-loads-caused-by-temperature-changes\">5. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zm\u011bnami teploty<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-gb-t-45680-2025-for-crane-wind-load-assessment\">6. GB\/T 45680-2025 pro posouzen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem je\u0159\u00e1bem<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se b\u011bhem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho provozu je\u0159\u00e1bu nevyskytuje \u010dasto, ale m\u016f\u017ee se objevit p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 v\u011btrem, sn\u011bhem, ledem, zm\u011bnami teploty a \u0161ikm\u00fdm naklon\u011bn\u00edm je\u0159\u00e1bu b\u011bhem provozu. Tato zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se obecn\u011b neuva\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtech \u00fanavov\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek shrnuje p\u011bt typ\u016f mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bem a metody jejich v\u00fdpo\u010dtu: horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed Ps p\u0159i \u0161ikm\u00e9m nakl\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed, gradientn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sn\u011bhem a ledem a zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zm\u011bnami teploty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1896\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases.png 1896w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases-1536x672.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1896px) 100vw, 1896px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-accidental-load-from-skewing-ps\">1. N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu v d\u016fsledku zkosen\u00ed: Ps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i nakl\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu je ob\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 reakc\u00ed vodic\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je vodic\u00ed kladka nebo p\u0159\u00edruba kola, kdy\u017e se kolov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b nebo voz\u00edk pohybuje pod\u00e9ln\u011b nebo p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b v ust\u00e1len\u00e9m stavu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2Horizontal-lateral-load-calculation-for-crane-skewing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12084\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>V\u00fdpo\u010det horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho bo\u010dn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pro zkosen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2211P \u2014 Sou\u010det maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kol: sou\u010det \u010dasto se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kol spojen\u00fdch s efektivn\u00edm rozvorem na koncov\u00e9m voz\u00edku na stran\u011b vystaven\u00e9 bo\u010dn\u00edmu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03bb \u2014 Sou\u010dinitel horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho bo\u010dn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pom\u011bru S\/B (nebo S\/a), kde S je rozp\u011bt\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu, B je rozvor je\u0159\u00e1bu a a je efektivn\u00ed rozvor. Ur\u010dete \u03bb z obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"689\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3Horizontal-lateral-load-coefficient-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12085\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Sou\u010dinitel horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho bo\u010dn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u03bb (Zdroj: GB\/T 3811-2008, obr\u00e1zek D.2)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>U v\u00edcekolov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu poskytuje pou\u017eit\u00ed efektivn\u00edho rozvoru a nam\u00edsto rozvoru je\u0159\u00e1bu B rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly. Z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed efektivn\u00edho rozvoru jsou uvedeny v \u010dl\u00e1nku D.2 normy GB\/T 3811-2008, strany 134\u2013135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ps poskytuje teoretick\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro kontrolu konstrukce horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed sestavy kola. Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed provozn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny naleznete v t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/posts\/overhead-crane-wheel-gnawing-causes-diagnosis-and-preventive-measures\/\">ohlod\u00e1n\u00ed kol mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu a zkosen\u00ed kolejnice<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-crane-gradient-load\">2. Gradientn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gradientn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu je slo\u017eka vlastn\u00ed hmotnosti je\u0159\u00e1bu a jmenovit\u00e9ho zdvihac\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed pod\u00e9l naklon\u011bn\u00e9ho povrchu svahu, vozovky nebo kolejnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Mobiln\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1by: Pokud je vy\u017eadov\u00e1n v\u00fdpo\u010det, zohledn\u011bte skute\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky na vozovce nebo ter\u00e9nu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kolejov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by, v\u010detn\u011b \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f: Pokud sklon koleje nep\u0159esahuje 0,5% (0,29\u00b0), sklonov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se neuva\u017euje. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se sklonov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s pou\u017eit\u00edm skute\u010dn\u00e9ho sklonu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podle toleranc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmosti horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9 kolejnice v tabulce 2 normy GB\/T 10183.1-2018, <em>Je\u0159\u00e1by \u2013 Tolerance kol a pojezdov\u00fdch a posuvn\u00fdch drah \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 1: V\u0161eobecn\u011b<\/em>Sklon kolejnicov\u00e9 mostov\u00e9 nebo port\u00e1lov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy by nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit 1\/1000 pro t\u0159\u00eddu tolerance 2 nebo 0,5\/1000 pro t\u0159\u00eddu tolerance 1, pokud je rychlost pojezdu mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu \u2265112 m\/min. Sklon trolejov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy by nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit 0,5\/1000 pro t\u0159\u00eddu tolerance 2 nebo 1. Toto je ekvivalentn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br a osobn\u00ed n\u00e1zor p\u016fvodn\u00edho autora; nebyl nalezen \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd explicitn\u00ed obecn\u00fd po\u017eadavek na sklon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Port\u00e1lov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b pro stavbu lod\u00ed: M\u011bly by se pou\u017e\u00edvat sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 kolejnice a sklon pojezdov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy by nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit 1\/1000 (GB\/T 27997-2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdsuvn\u00fd stohova\u010d: Sklon ter\u00e9nu by nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit 3% (GB\/T 26474-2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Port\u00e1lov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b pro kontejnery s gumov\u00fdmi pneumatikami: Sklon ter\u00e9nu pojezdov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy by nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit 11 TP1T a m\u00edstn\u00ed sklon by nem\u011bl p\u0159ekro\u010dit 31 TP1T (GB\/T 14783-2009).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto po\u017eadavk\u016f, pokud instalace koleji\u0161t\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b spl\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou normu, je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtat sklonov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pro kolejnicov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b? Pokud je nutn\u00e9 sklonov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edtat, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee specifikovan\u00e9 instala\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed norm\u011b? Tyto ot\u00e1zky byly vzneseny v p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-crane-wind-load-pw\">3. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem je\u0159\u00e1bem PW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch venku je t\u0159eba zohlednit zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako statick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v nejnep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru. Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd tlak v\u011btru zvolte podle typu je\u0159\u00e1bu a provozn\u00ed oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-1-calculated-wind-pressure\">3.1 Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd tlak v\u011btru<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4Calculated-wind-pressure-formula.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12086\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Vzorec pro v\u00fdpo\u010det tlaku v\u011btru<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>p \u2014 Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd tlak v\u011btru v newtonech na metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed (N\/m\u00b2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vs \u2014 Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru v metrech za sekundu (m\/s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru je rychlost n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho v\u011btru ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 10 m nad otev\u0159en\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 jako pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru za 3sekundov\u00fd interval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek je rychlost n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho v\u011btru 1,5kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru za 10minutov\u00fd interval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro stav mimo provoz je rychlost n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho v\u011btru 1,4kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru za 10minutov\u00fd interval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1346\" height=\"1168\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5Table-1-Relationship-among-calculated-wind-pressure-p-3-s-mean-instantaneous-wind-speed-Vs-10-min-mean-wind-speed-Vp-and-Beaufort-force.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12087\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Tabulka 1 Vztah mezi vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdm tlakem v\u011btru p, 3s pr\u016fm\u011brnou okam\u017eitou rychlost\u00ed v\u011btru Vs, 10minutovou pr\u016fm\u011brnou rychlost\u00ed v\u011btru Vp a Beaufortovou silou (Zdroj: GB\/T 3811-2008, tabulka E.1, strana 137)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-2-in-service-wind-load-pw\u2171\">3.2 Provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem PWII<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edla v\u011btru, kter\u00e9 je je\u0159\u00e1b schopen odolat b\u011bhem provozu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Provozn\u00ed tlak v\u011btru se bere jako konstantn\u00ed po cel\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce je\u0159\u00e1bu, bez ohledu na jeho zm\u011bnu s v\u00fd\u0161kou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rychlosti v\u011btru, kter\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje provozu nad mezn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed v\u011btru, obvykle se instaluje v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bod\u011b je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd provozn\u00ed tlak v\u011btru se d\u011bl\u00ed na P\u2160 a P\u2161. Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed tlaky v\u011btru a rychlosti v\u011btru jsou uvedeny n\u00ed\u017ee. Pokud v\u00fdrobce pou\u017eije rychlosti v\u011btru nebo tlaky v\u011btru odli\u0161n\u00e9 od tabulkov\u00fdch hodnot, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tyto hodnoty uvedeny v konstruk\u010dn\u00ed dokumentaci a provozn\u00edm n\u00e1vodu k je\u0159\u00e1bu. V praxi obvykle plat\u00ed technick\u00e1 specifikace projektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1867\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed.png 1867w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed-1536x693.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Tabulka 2 Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd provozn\u00ed tlak v\u011btru a rychlost v\u011btru (Zdroj: GB\/T 3811-2008, tabulka 15)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u2160 je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd tlak v\u011btru pro provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k v\u00fdpo\u010dtu odporu pro v\u00fdb\u011br v\u00fdkonu motoru a pro tepeln\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PII je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd tlak v\u011btru pro provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k v\u00fdpo\u010dtu pevnosti sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mechanismu a kovov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed, tuhosti a stability konstrukce, p\u0159et\u00ed\u017eitelnosti pohonu, celkov\u00e9 stability je\u0159\u00e1bu proti p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00ed a protiskluzov\u00e9 ochrany odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di v\u011btru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-3-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-the-crane\">3.3 Provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na je\u0159\u00e1b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7Formula-for-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-a-crane.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12089\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Vzorec pro provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na je\u0159\u00e1b<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>PW\u2160 \u2014 Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na je\u0159\u00e1b v newtonech (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PWII \u2014 Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na je\u0159\u00e1b v newtonech (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C \u2014 Sou\u010dinitel s\u00edly v\u011btru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u2160 a P\u2161 \u2013 Dva vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 provozn\u00ed tlaky v\u011btru v N\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A \u2014 Solid windward area of the crane component perpendicular to the wind direction, in square metres (m\u00b2). It is equal to the outline windward area A0 multiplied by the solidity ratio \u03c6 of the windward face: A=A0\u03c6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03b8 \u2014 \u00dahel mezi sm\u011brem v\u011btru a pod\u00e9lnou osou prvku nebo povrchu konstrukce (\u03b8 \u2264 90\u00b0) ve stupn\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem na konstrukci je\u0159\u00e1bu je sou\u010dtem zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch na jej\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Sou\u010dinitel s\u00edly v\u011btru C naleznete v \u010dl\u00e1nku 4.2.2.3 normy GB\/T 3811-2008. Zahrnuje sou\u010dinitele s\u00edly v\u011btru pro jednotliv\u00e9 prvky, jednorovinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhradov\u00e9 konstrukce a \u010dtvercov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhradov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e1 plocha A souvis\u00ed s reduk\u010dn\u00edm faktorem st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det n\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9 plochy hlavn\u00edch nosn\u00edk\u016f dvounosn\u00edkov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu viz bod 4.2.2.3.6 normy GB\/T 3811-2008. Zahrnuje redukci st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed pro dva prvky, redukci st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed pro prvky uveden\u00e9 v p\u016fvodn\u00ed norm\u011b, pom\u011bry rozte\u010d\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro praktick\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po stanoven\u00ed n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed viz KSCRANE. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/posts\/crane-wind-protection-selection-guide\/\">Pr\u016fvodce v\u00fdb\u011brem syst\u00e9mu ochrany proti v\u011btru pro port\u00e1lov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-4-wind-load-acting-on-the-lifted-load\">3.4 Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na zdvi\u017een\u00e9 b\u0159emeno<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8Formula-for-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-a-lifted-load.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12090\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Vzorec pro provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na zvednut\u00e9 b\u0159emeno<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>PWQ\u2160 \u2014 Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na zdvi\u017een\u00e9 b\u0159emeno v newtonech (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PWQII \u2014 Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na zdvi\u017een\u00e9 b\u0159emeno v newtonech (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AQ \u2014 Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e1 plocha zdv\u00edhan\u00e9ho b\u0159emene v metrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (m\u00b2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je\u0159\u00e1b manipuluje s b\u0159emeny specifick\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f a tvar\u016f, ur\u010dete n\u00e1v\u011btrnou plochu z odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f a profilu. Pokud plocha nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma, odhadn\u011bte n\u00e1v\u011btrnou plochu v souladu s \u010dl\u00e1nkem E.5 p\u0159\u00edlohy E v norm\u011b GB\/T 3811-2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-snow-and-ice-loads\">4. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sn\u011bhem a ledem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech je t\u0159eba zohlednit zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sn\u011bhem a ledem. Zohlednit je tak\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9 plochy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nahromad\u011bn\u00fdm ledem a sn\u011bhem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-loads-caused-by-temperature-changes\">5. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zm\u011bnami teploty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato \u010d\u00e1st je teoretick\u00e1 a slou\u017e\u00ed jako reference. Teplotn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se obecn\u011b neuva\u017euje. M\u011blo by se v\u0161ak zohlednit v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech, kde se teplota b\u011bhem instalace je\u0159\u00e1bu v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od teploty b\u011bhem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo u staticky neur\u010dit\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed s velk\u00fdm rozp\u011bt\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je port\u00e1lov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b se dv\u011bma pevn\u00fdmi nohami a rozp\u011bt\u00edm 30 m nebo v\u00edce. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nucen\u00e9 rozta\u017een\u00ed nebo smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zm\u011bnami teploty generuje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. V\u00fdpo\u010det m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zalo\u017een na relevantn\u00edch informac\u00edch poskytnut\u00fdch u\u017eivatelem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-gb-t-45680-2025-for-crane-wind-load-assessment\">6. GB\/T 45680-2025 pro posouzen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem je\u0159\u00e1bem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>GB\/T 45680-2025, <em>Je\u0159\u00e1by \u2013 posouzen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem<\/em><strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/openstd.samr.gov.cn\/bzgk\/std\/std_list?p.p1=0&amp;p.p90=circulation_date&amp;p.p91=desc&amp;p.p2=%E8%B5%B7%E9%87%8D%E6%9C%BA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dotaz na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 normy pro je\u0159\u00e1by<\/a>)<\/strong>, je nov\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 norma prvn\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u00fdpo\u010det zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1by v\u011btrem. Jedn\u00e1 se o upravenou verzi (MOD) normy ISO 4302:2016. Byla vyd\u00e1na 30. kv\u011btna 2025, vstoupila v platnost 1. prosince 2025 a vztahuje se na v\u00fdpo\u010det zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1by v\u011btrem v provozn\u00edch i mimoprovozn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2009\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p.png 2009w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p-1536x476.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2009px) 100vw, 2009px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Tabulka 3 Provozn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhov\u00e1 rychlost v\u011btru v z\u00e1vislosti na n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9m tlaku v\u011btru p (Zdroj: GB\/T 45680-2025, tabulka 2)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Provozn\u00ed rychlost v\u011btru mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rychlost v\u011btru m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bod\u011b je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ehled dostupn\u00e9ho kov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9ho po posouzen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011btrem viz <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/posts\/crane-windproof-device-accessories\/\">P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed pro v\u011btruodoln\u00e9 port\u00e1lov\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se b\u011bhem b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho provozu je\u0159\u00e1bu nevyskytuje \u010dasto, ale m\u016f\u017ee se objevit p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 v\u011btrem, sn\u011bhem, ledem, zm\u011bnami teploty b\u011bhem provozu,","protected":false},"featured_media":12083,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[189],"posts_tag":[882,868,883,884,118,869,121,886,887,885],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12094,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092\/revisions\/12094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=12092"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=12092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}