{"id":4769,"date":"2023-09-20T07:58:06","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T07:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=4769"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:52:28","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:52:28","slug":"understanding-rail-standards-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/posts\/understanding-rail-standards-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm standard\u016fm: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"blog_content\">\n<div class=\"content_inp\">\n\n<span>\u017deleznice je hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati. Jeho funkc\u00ed je v\u00e9st kola kolejov\u00fdch vozidel dop\u0159edu, odol\u00e1vat obrovsk\u00e9mu tlaku kol a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et jej na kolejov\u00e9 pra\u017ece. Kolejnice mus\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovat spojit\u00fd, hladk\u00fd a valiv\u00fd povrch s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm odporem pro kola. V \u00faseku elektrifikovan\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy nebo automatick\u00e9ho blokovac\u00edho \u00faseku lze kolejnici vyu\u017e\u00edt i jako kolejov\u00fd obvod.<\/span>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/International-Standards-for-Steel-Rails.png\" alt=\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy pro ocelov\u00e9 kolejnice\" width=\"511\" height=\"245\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4770\" \/>\n\n<span>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed standardn\u00ed obsah kolejnice se v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch a regionech li\u0161\u00ed, n\u00ed\u017ee jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady hlavn\u00edho obsahu \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed normy v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch a regionech:<\/span>\n<h3><span>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 (normy AREMA)<\/span><\/h3>\nHlavn\u00ed \u017eeleznice ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u0159adu norem, v\u010detn\u011b norem vyvinut\u00fdch AREMA (Americk\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017eby cest), jako je AREMA 115, AREMA 132 a dal\u0161\u00ed. Normy AREMA pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161echny typy kolejnic, v\u010detn\u011b kolej\u00ed, v\u00fdhybek, v\u00fdhybek a dal\u0161\u00edch. Zahrnuj\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 specifikace pro geometrii kolejnic, po\u017eadavky na materi\u00e1l, rozm\u011bry, po\u017eadavky na sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed parametry.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA115-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"420\" height=\"442\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4771\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA115-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"512\" height=\"305\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4772\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA119-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"402\" height=\"452\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4773\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA119-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"504\" height=\"301\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4774\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA132-1-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"420\" height=\"469\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4799\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA132-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"505\" height=\"279\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4776\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA133-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"431\" height=\"451\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4777\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA133-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"505\" height=\"319\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4778\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA136-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"420\" height=\"462\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4779\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA136-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"504\" height=\"294\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4780\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA140-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"429\" height=\"463\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4781\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA140-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"506\" height=\"304\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4782\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA141.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"581\" height=\"710\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4783\" \/>\n<h3><span>Rusko (standard GOST)<\/span><\/h3>\nRusk\u00fd \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 normy vyvinut\u00e9 GOST (Russian State Standard), jako jsou GOST 8161, GOST 5876 atd. Rusk\u00fd \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je zalo\u017een na norm\u00e1ch GOST. GOST 8161 zahrnuje technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy oceli pro \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed koleje, v\u010detn\u011b materi\u00e1lu, rozm\u011br\u016f, mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed atd. GOST 5876 specifikuje po\u017eadavky na ocel pro \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed koleje. GOST 5876 specifikuje po\u017eadavky na velikost a tvar kolejnic.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/GOST.png\" alt=\"GOST\" width=\"684\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4784\" \/>\n<h3><span>\u010c\u00edna (standard GB\/T)<\/span><\/h3>\n\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed standardy jsou obvykle stanoveny spole\u010dnost\u00ed China Railway Corporation (CRCC) a National Standardization Administration of China (NSAC) a n\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 standardy zahrnuj\u00ed GB\/T 3414, GB\/T 6995 a GB\/T 2585. GB\/T 3414 specifikuje technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky common rail, v\u010detn\u011b typu kolejnice, velikosti, materi\u00e1lov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed, mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed atd. Norma vych\u00e1z\u00ed z normy GB\/T 6995 a GB\/T 2585. GB\/T 6995 specifikuje technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky kolejnice pro vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eeleznice, v\u010detn\u011b materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, rozm\u011br\u016f a v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch parametr\u016f vysokorychlostn\u00edch drah. YB\/T 5050 specifikuje technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/posts\/party-henan-kuangshan-mine-crane-chinese-new-year-2-3-2-2\/\">ocelov\u00e9 kolejnice pro je\u0159\u00e1by<\/a>, v\u010detn\u011b typu kolejnice, velikosti, slo\u017een\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a tak d\u00e1le.\n<h3><span>Japonsko (standard JIS)<\/span><\/h3>\nJaponsk\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed normy jsou vyv\u00edjeny mimo jin\u00e9 Japonskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed pro standardizaci \u017eeleznic (JRSK) a Japonsk\u00fdm institutem \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed technologie (RTRI). N\u011bkter\u00e9 z japonsk\u00fdch norem pro kolejnice zahrnuj\u00ed JIS E 1101, JIS E 1103 atd. JIS E 1101 specifikuje po\u017eadavky na chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, rozm\u011bry a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti oceli na kolejnice. JIS E 1103 specifikuje rozm\u011brov\u00e9 a geometrick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy kolejnic.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/JIS1.png\" alt=\"JIS\" width=\"559\" height=\"384\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4785\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/JIS2.png\" alt=\"JIS\" width=\"611\" height=\"377\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4786\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/JIS3.png\" alt=\"JIS\" width=\"659\" height=\"408\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4787\" \/>\n<h3><span>Evropa (normy EN a UIC)<\/span><\/h3>\nNormy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v evropsk\u00e9m \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu jsou zalo\u017eeny hlavn\u011b na specifikac\u00edch vyvinut\u00fdch EN (evropsk\u00e1 norma) a UIC (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed unie \u017eeleznic). N\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed normy zahrnuj\u00ed EN 13674, EN 13675, UIC 860 a dal\u0161\u00ed. Norma EN 13674 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f kolejnic, v\u010detn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f kolejnic a t\u0159\u00edd kolej\u00ed. Pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 vlastnosti, rozm\u011bry a mechanick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky kolejnic, stejn\u011b jako po\u017eadavky na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1A1.png\" alt=\"Profil kolejnice EA\" width=\"711\" height=\"896\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4790\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1T1.png\" alt=\"Profil kolejnice ET\" width=\"703\" height=\"799\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4792\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1T2.png\" alt=\"Profil kolejnice ET\" width=\"695\" height=\"737\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4793\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E2A1.png\" alt=\"Profil kolejnice EA\" width=\"637\" height=\"833\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4794\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1F1.png\" alt=\"Profil kolejnice EF\" width=\"642\" height=\"788\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4795\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E3F1.png\" alt=\"Profil kolejnice EF\" width=\"721\" height=\"869\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4796\" \/>\n<h3><span>Indie (standardy IS)<\/span><\/h3>\nIndick\u00e9 normy pro ocelov\u00e9 kolejnice jsou obvykle zalo\u017eeny na IS (Indian Standards Authority) jako IS 3443, IS 2062 atd. IS 3443 specifikuje technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky oceli pro kolejnice, v\u010detn\u011b chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed, mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, rozm\u011brov\u00fdch a kvalitativn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f na materi\u00e1l. IS 2062 specifikuje technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky oceli pro obecn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/IS1.png\" alt=\"JE\" width=\"473\" height=\"484\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4788\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/IS2.png\" alt=\"JE\" width=\"455\" height=\"486\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4789\" \/>\n\n<span>Upozor\u0148ujeme, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 jsou pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady a r\u016fzn\u00e9 zem\u011b a regiony mohou m\u00edt ve sv\u00fdch norm\u00e1ch podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpisy a po\u017eadavky. Chcete-li zjistit specifika \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed normy pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zemi nebo region, m\u016f\u017eete se obr\u00e1tit na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed organizace nebo se obr\u00e1tit na m\u00edstn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu \u017eeleznic nebo \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdra, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m poskytne podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace. Krom\u011b toho jsou tyto normy \u010dasto aktualizov\u00e1ny a revidov\u00e1ny v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu, tak\u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit, abyste si pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace nahl\u00e9dli do nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze normy.<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u017deleznice je hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati. Jeho funkc\u00ed je v\u00e9st kola kolejov\u00fdch vozidel dop\u0159edu, odol\u00e1vat obrovsk\u00e9mu tlaku kol a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et jej na kolejov\u00e9 pra\u017ece. Kolejnice mus\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovat souvisl\u00fd, hladk\u00fd valiv\u00fd povrch s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm odporem pro kola. V elektrifikovan\u00e9m [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":4797,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-blog.php","posts_category":[189],"posts_tag":[43,54],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/4769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/4769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6140,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/4769\/revisions\/6140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=4769"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=4769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}