{"id":12092,"date":"2026-07-29T03:25:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T03:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=12092"},"modified":"2026-07-29T03:25:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T03:25:19","slug":"crane-accidental-loads-5-design-cases","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/posts\/crane-accidental-loads-5-design-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd: 5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf GB\/T 3811-2008"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-crane-accidental-load-from-skewing-ps\">1. \u03a4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a5.\u0393.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-crane-gradient-load\">2. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-crane-wind-load-pw\">3. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd PW<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#3-1-calculated-wind-pressure\">3.1 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-2-in-service-wind-load-pw\u2171\">3.2 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 PW\u2161<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-3-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-the-crane\">3.3 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-4-wind-load-acting-on-the-lifted-load\">3.4 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-snow-and-ice-loads\">4. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-loads-caused-by-temperature-changes\">5. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-gb-t-45680-2025-for-crane-wind-load-assessment\">6. GB\/T 45680-2025 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf Ps \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1896\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases.png 1896w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases-1536x672.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1896px) 100vw, 1896px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-accidental-load-from-skewing-ps\">1. \u03a4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a5.\u0393.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2Horizontal-lateral-load-calculation-for-crane-skewing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12084\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2211P \u2014 \u0386\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2: \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03bb \u2014 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 S\/B (\u03ae S\/a), \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 S \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd, B \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 a \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"689\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3Horizontal-lateral-load-coefficient-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12085\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb (\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: GB\/T 3811-2008, \u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 D.2)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 a \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd B \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf D.2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GB\/T 3811-2008, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 134\u2013135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf Ps \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/posts\/overhead-crane-wheel-gnawing-causes-diagnosis-and-preventive-measures\/\">\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03cc\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-crane-gradient-load\">2. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03c8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u039a\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af: \u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd: \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 0,5% (0,29\u00b0), \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GB\/T 10183.1-2018, <em>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u2014\u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u2014\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1: \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/em>, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1\/1000 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf 0,5\/1000 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u2265112 m\/min. \u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 0,5\/1000 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 2 \u03ae 1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1\/1000 (GB\/T 27997-2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2: \u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 3% (GB\/T 26474-2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 1% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 3% (GB\/T 14783-2009).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2; \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf; \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-crane-wind-load-pw\">3. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd PW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-1-calculated-wind-pressure\">3.1 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4Calculated-wind-pressure-formula.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12086\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>p \u2014 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf (N\/m\u00b2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vs \u2014 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf (m\/s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 10 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 3 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1,5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 10 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1,4 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 10 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1346\" height=\"1168\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5Table-1-Relationship-among-calculated-wind-pressure-p-3-s-mean-instantaneous-wind-speed-Vs-10-min-mean-wind-speed-Vp-and-Beaufort-force.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12087\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1 \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 p, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 Vs 3 s, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 Vp 10 min \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 Beaufort (\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: GB\/T 3811-2008, \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 E.1, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 137)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-2-in-service-wind-load-pw\u2171\">3.2 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 PW\u2161<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 P\u2160 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 P\u2161. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1867\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed.png 1867w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed-1536x693.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: GB\/T 3811-2008, \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 15)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf P\u2160 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf P\u2161 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-3-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-the-crane\">3.3 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7Formula-for-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-a-crane.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12089\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>PW\u2160 \u2014 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PW\u2161 \u2014 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C \u2014 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u2160 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 P\u2161 \u2014 \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 N\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A \u2014 Solid windward area of the crane component perpendicular to the wind direction, in square metres (m\u00b2). It is equal to the outline windward area A0 multiplied by the solidity ratio \u03c6 of the windward face: A=A0\u03c6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03b8 \u2014 \u0393\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03b8\u226490\u00b0), \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 C, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf 4.2.2.3 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GB\/T 3811-2008. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf 4.2.2.3.6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GB\/T 3811-2008. \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf KSCRANE. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/posts\/crane-wind-protection-selection-guide\/\">\u039f\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-4-wind-load-acting-on-the-lifted-load\">3.4 \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8Formula-for-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-a-lifted-load.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12090\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>PWQ\u2160 \u2014 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PWQ\u2161 \u2014 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AQ \u2014 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 (m\u00b2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf E.5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 E \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf GB\/T 3811-2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-snow-and-ice-loads\">4. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2. \u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-loads-caused-by-temperature-changes\">5. \u03a6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 30 m \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf. \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-gb-t-45680-2025-for-crane-wind-load-assessment\">6. GB\/T 45680-2025 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>GB\/T 45680-2025, <em>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u2014\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/em><strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/openstd.samr.gov.cn\/bzgk\/std\/std_list?p.p1=0&amp;p.p90=circulation_date&amp;p.p91=desc&amp;p.p2=%E8%B5%B7%E9%87%8D%E6%9C%BA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/a>)<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (MOD) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ISO 4302:2016. \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 30 \u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 2025, \u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 1\u03b7 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2025 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2009\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p.png 2009w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p-1536x476.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2009px) 100vw, 2009px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 3 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd p (\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: GB\/T 45680-2025, \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 2)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b2\u03bb. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/posts\/crane-windproof-device-accessories\/\">\u0391\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9","protected":false},"featured_media":12083,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[189],"posts_tag":[882,868,883,884,118,869,121,886,887,885],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12094,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092\/revisions\/12094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=12092"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=12092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}