{"id":12092,"date":"2026-07-29T03:25:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T03:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=12092"},"modified":"2026-07-29T03:25:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T03:25:19","slug":"crane-accidental-loads-5-design-cases","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/posts\/crane-accidental-loads-5-design-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u: 5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3811-2008"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-crane-accidental-load-from-skewing-ps\">1. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i do nghi\u00eang c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u: Ps<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-crane-gradient-load\">2. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-crane-wind-load-pw\">3. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u PW<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#3-1-calculated-wind-pressure\">3.1 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-2-in-service-wind-load-pw\u2171\">3.2 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh PW\u2161<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-3-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-the-crane\">3.3 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-4-wind-load-acting-on-the-lifted-load\">3.4 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt n\u00e2ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-snow-and-ice-loads\">4. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-loads-caused-by-temperature-changes\">5. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y ra do thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-gb-t-45680-2025-for-crane-wind-load-assessment\">6. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 45680-2025 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u00f4i khi. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng do gi\u00f3, tuy\u1ebft, b\u0103ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngang Ps trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng do thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1896\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases.png 1896w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Crane-Accidental-Loads-5-Design-Cases-1536x672.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1896px) 100vw, 1896px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-crane-accidental-load-from-skewing-ps\">1. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i do nghi\u00eang c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u: Ps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngang sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 con l\u0103n d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh xe, khi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c xe \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh xe di chuy\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u ngang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/2Horizontal-lateral-load-calculation-for-crane-skewing.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12084\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngang khi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u nghi\u00eang<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2211P \u2014 T\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe: t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean toa xe cu\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u00eda ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03bb \u2014 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngang. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 S\/B (ho\u1eb7c S\/a), trong \u0111\u00f3 S l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u, B l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 a l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u03bb t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"689\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/3Horizontal-lateral-load-coefficient-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12085\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngang \u03bb (Ngu\u1ed3n: GB\/T 3811-2008, H\u00ecnh D.2)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1nh, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng a thay v\u00ec chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u B s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c ngang. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong M\u1ee5c D.2 c\u1ee7a GB\/T 3811-2008, trang 134\u2013135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ps cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m b\u00e1nh xe n\u1eb1m ngang. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan, h\u00e3y xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/posts\/overhead-crane-wheel-gnawing-causes-diagnosis-and-preventive-measures\/\">b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-crane-gradient-load\">2. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecdc theo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u di \u0111\u1ed9ng: Khi c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u g\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 0,5% (0,29\u00b0), t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Theo dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ray c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u \u1edf B\u1ea3ng 2 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 10183.1-2018, <em>C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u\u2014Dung sai c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray ngang\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1ed5ng quan<\/em>Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1\/1000 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p dung sai 2, ho\u1eb7c 0,5\/1000 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p dung sai 1 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao \u2265112 m\/ph\u00fat. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray xe \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 0,5\/1000 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p dung sai 2 ho\u1eb7c 1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t suy lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3; kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c chung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u: N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ray h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1\/1000 (GB\/T 27997-2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xe n\u00e2ng container: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3% (GB\/T 26474-2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n container b\u00e1nh l\u1ed1p: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1% v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3% (GB\/T 14783-2009).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c cho c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u g\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-crane-wind-load-pw\">3. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u PW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0129nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ngang b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-1-calculated-wind-pressure\">3.1 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4Calculated-wind-pressure-formula.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12086\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>p \u2014 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton tr\u00ean m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (N\/m\u00b2).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vs \u2014 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (m\/s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 gi\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 10 m so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 3 gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 gi\u1eadt g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 10 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 gi\u1eadt g\u1ea5p 1,4 l\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 10 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1346\" height=\"1168\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/5Table-1-Relationship-among-calculated-wind-pressure-p-3-s-mean-instantaneous-wind-speed-Vs-10-min-mean-wind-speed-Vp-and-Beaufort-force.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12087\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>B\u1ea3ng 1. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh 3 gi\u00e2y Vs, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 trung b\u00ecnh 10 ph\u00fat Vp v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 Beaufort (Ngu\u1ed3n: GB\/T 3811-2008, B\u1ea3ng E.1, trang 137)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-2-in-service-wind-load-pw\u2171\">3.2 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh PW\u2161<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ec1u cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh P\u2160 v\u00e0 P\u2161. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong b\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1867\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed.png 1867w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/6Table-2-Calculated-in-service-wind-pressure-and-wind-speed-1536x693.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>B\u1ea3ng 2. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (Ngu\u1ed3n: GB\/T 3811-2008, B\u1ea3ng 15)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u2160 l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u2161 l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t do gi\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-3-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-the-crane\">3.3 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/7Formula-for-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-a-crane.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12089\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>PW\u2160 \u2014 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PW\u2161 \u2014 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C \u2014 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u2160 v\u00e0 P\u2161 \u2014 Hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng N\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A \u2014 Solid windward area of the crane component perpendicular to the wind direction, in square metres (m\u00b2). It is equal to the outline windward area A0 multiplied by the solidity ratio \u03c6 of the windward face: A=A0\u03c6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03b8 \u2014 G\u00f3c gi\u1eefa h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (\u03b8\u226490\u00b0), t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3 C, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o \u0110i\u1ec1u 4.2.2.3 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3811-2008. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u00e0n m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1p l\u01b0\u1edbi vu\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 A c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m che ch\u1eafn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n hai d\u1ea7m, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o \u0110i\u1ec1u 4.2.2.3.6 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3811-2008. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m che ch\u1eafn cho hai c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m che ch\u1eafn cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed1c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o KSCRANE. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/posts\/crane-wind-protection-selection-guide\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00f3 cho c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-4-wind-load-acting-on-the-lifted-load\">3.4 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt n\u00e2ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8Formula-for-in-service-wind-load-acting-on-a-lifted-load.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12090\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt n\u00e2ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>PWQ\u2160 \u2014 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt n\u00e2ng, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PWQ\u2161 \u2014 T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt n\u00e2ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AQ \u2014 Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt n\u00e2ng, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (m\u00b2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 t\u1eeb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 theo \u0110i\u1ec1u E.5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c E trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3811-2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-snow-and-ice-loads\">4. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 do b\u0103ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebft t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-loads-caused-by-temperature-changes\">5. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y ra do thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0129nh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai ch\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp t\u1eeb 30 m tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u do thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan do ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-gb-t-45680-2025-for-crane-wind-load-assessment\">6. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 45680-2025 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>GB\/T 45680-2025, <em>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u<\/em><strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/openstd.samr.gov.cn\/bzgk\/std\/std_list?p.p1=0&amp;p.p90=circulation_date&amp;p.p91=desc&amp;p.p2=%E8%B5%B7%E9%87%8D%E6%9C%BA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">truy v\u1ea5n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/a>)<\/strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (MOD) c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 4302:2016. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2025, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u trong c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2009\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p.png 2009w, https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9Table-3-In-service-design-wind-speed-vs-and-design-wind-pressure-p-1536x476.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2009px) 100vw, 2009px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>B\u1ea3ng 3 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vs v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf p (Ngu\u1ed3n: GB\/T 45680-2025, B\u1ea3ng 2)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u00f3, xem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/posts\/crane-windproof-device-accessories\/\">Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 cho c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u gi\u00e0n<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng do gi\u00f3, tuy\u1ebft, b\u0103ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh g\u00e2y ra, v.v.","protected":false},"featured_media":12083,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-SEO-Table.php","posts_category":[189],"posts_tag":[882,868,883,884,118,869,121,886,887,885],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12094,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/12092\/revisions\/12094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=12092"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=12092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}