{"id":4769,"date":"2023-09-20T07:58:06","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T07:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/?post_type=posts&#038;p=4769"},"modified":"2024-09-09T06:52:28","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T06:52:28","slug":"understanding-rail-standards-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/posts\/understanding-rail-standards-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"blog_content\">\n<div class=\"content_inp\">\n\n<span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a toa xe v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1edbi t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ray ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe. Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray.<\/span>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/International-Standards-for-Steel-Rails.png\" alt=\"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ray th\u00e9p\" width=\"511\" height=\"245\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4770\" \/>\n\n<span>N\u1ed9i dung ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft:<\/span>\n<h3><span>Hoa K\u1ef3 (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AREMA)<\/span><\/h3>\nC\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do AREMA (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hoa K\u1ef3) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 AREMA 115, AREMA 132 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a AREMA bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebd, v.v. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA115-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"420\" height=\"442\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4771\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA115-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"512\" height=\"305\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4772\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA119-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"402\" height=\"452\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4773\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA119-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"504\" height=\"301\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4774\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA132-1-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"420\" height=\"469\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4799\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA132-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"505\" height=\"279\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4776\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA133-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"431\" height=\"451\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4777\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA133-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"505\" height=\"319\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4778\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA136-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"420\" height=\"462\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4779\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA136-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"504\" height=\"294\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4780\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA140-1.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"429\" height=\"463\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4781\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA140-2.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"506\" height=\"304\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4782\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AREMA141.png\" alt=\"AREMA\" width=\"581\" height=\"710\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4783\" \/>\n<h3><span>Nga (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GOST)<\/span><\/h3>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Nga s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do GOST (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 GOST 8161, GOST 5876, v.v. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Nga d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GOST. GOST 8161 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray xe l\u1eeda, bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v.v. GOST 5876 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray xe l\u1eeda. GOST 5876 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/GOST.png\" alt=\"GOST\" width=\"684\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4784\" \/>\n<h3><span>Trung Qu\u1ed1c (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T)<\/span><\/h3>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Trung Qu\u1ed1c (CRCC) v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c (NSAC) \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung bao g\u1ed3m GB\/T 3414, GB\/T 6995 v\u00e0 GB\/T 2585. GB\/T 3414 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray chung, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v.v. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a GB\/T 6995 v\u00e0 GB\/T 2585. GB\/T 6995 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c. YB\/T 5050 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/posts\/party-henan-kuangshan-mine-crane-chinese-new-year-2-3-2-2\/\">ray th\u00e9p cho c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u<\/a>, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v.v.\n<h3><span>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n JIS)<\/span><\/h3>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (JRSK) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (RTRI), c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray bao g\u1ed3m JIS E 1101, JIS E 1103, v.v. JIS E 1101 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. JIS E 1103 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u00e1c nhau.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/JIS1.png\" alt=\"JIS\" width=\"559\" height=\"384\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4785\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/JIS2.png\" alt=\"JIS\" width=\"611\" height=\"377\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4786\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/JIS3.png\" alt=\"JIS\" width=\"659\" height=\"408\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4787\" \/>\n<h3><span>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN v\u00e0 UIC)<\/span><\/h3>\nC\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do EN (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) v\u00e0 UIC (Li\u00ean minh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m EN 13674, EN 13675, UIC 860 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 13674 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ray kh\u00e1c nhau. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00e0n.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1A1.png\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft EA\" width=\"711\" height=\"896\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4790\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1T1.png\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ET\" width=\"703\" height=\"799\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4792\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1T2.png\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ET\" width=\"695\" height=\"737\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4793\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E2A1.png\" alt=\"H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft EA\" width=\"637\" height=\"833\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4794\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E1F1.png\" alt=\"Bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft EF\" width=\"642\" height=\"788\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4795\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Rail-profile-54E3F1.png\" alt=\"Bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft EF\" width=\"721\" height=\"869\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4796\" \/>\n<h3><span>\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IS)<\/span><\/h3>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean IS (C\u01a1 quan Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) nh\u01b0 IS 3443, IS 2062, v.v. IS 3443 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. IS 2062 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft n\u00f3i chung.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/IS1.png\" alt=\"L\u00c0\" width=\"473\" height=\"484\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4788\" \/>\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/IS2.png\" alt=\"L\u00c0\" width=\"455\" height=\"486\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4789\" \/>\n\n<span>Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a toa xe v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1edbi t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ray ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe. Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":4797,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-blog.php","posts_category":[189],"posts_tag":[43,54],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/4769"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/4769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6140,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/4769\/revisions\/6140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=4769"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kscranegroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=4769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}