크레인 후크 검사 체크리스트: ASME, OSHA 및 GB 표준 설명
목차
This article introduces the crane hook inspection checklists and standards in ASME, OSHA and GB codes respectively. ASME is the American Society Of Mechanical Engineers. OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA’s mission is to assure America’s workers have safe and healthful working conditions free from unlawful retaliation. GB standard is the National Standards of the People’s Republic of China.
ASME B30.10 hook inspections
그만큼 ASME B30.10 standards cover the inspection of hooks for all hoists, cranes and rigging devices.
All inspections shall be performed by a designated person. Any deficiencies identified shall be examined and a determination made by a qualified person as to whether they constitute a hazard.
Inspection procedure and record keeping requirements for hooks in regular service shall be governed by the kind of equipment in which they are used. When more stringent requirements for hooks are stated in standards for the specific equipment, they shall take precedence over the following. Otherwise, there shall be an initial inspection and two general classifications based upon intervals at which examination shall be performed. The classifications are herein designated as initial, frequent, and periodic, with intervals between examinations defined as follows.
Initial Inspection
Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired hooks shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable ASME B30.10 Hooks standard. Written records of initial inspections are NOT required.
Frequent Inspection
(a) Frequent inspections include observations of the hook being used during operation, as well as visual inspections to identify any conditions or removal criteria outlined in ASME B30.10 hoist hook inspection guidelines.
(b) For semi-permanent and inaccessible locations where frequent inspections are not feasible, a Qualified Person will determine the frequency of periodic inspection requirements to satisfy ASME B30.10 hook inspection requirements.
(c) Inspection intervals should be based on:
- The frequency of hook use
- Severity of service conditions
- Nature of load-handling activities
- Experience gained on the service life of hooks used in similar circumstances
- Guidelines for frequent inspection intervals (Normal Service – Monthly; Heavy Service – Weekly to Monthly; Severe Service – Daily to Weekly)
(d) Conditions listed under Removal Criteria, or any other condition that may result in a hazard, shall cause the hook to be removed from service. Hooks shall not be returned to service until approved by a Qualified Person.
(e) Written records of frequent inspections are NOT required.
Periodic Inspection
(a) A complete and thorough inspection of the hook shall be performed. Disassembly of the hook may be required to perform a complete examination and identify conditions based on the removal criteria outlined in ASME B30.10 hook inspection requirements.
(b) Periodic inspections shall be performed at a minimum interval of 12 months, unless approved by a Qualified Person. Periodic inspection intervals should be based on:
- Frequency of hook use
- Severity of service conditions
- Nature of load-handling activities
- Experience gained on the service life of hooks used in similar circumstances
- Guidelines for periodic inspection intervals (Normal Service – Yearly with equipment in place; Heavy Service – Semiannually, with equipment in place unless external conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection monthly to quarterly; Severe Service – Quarterly, as in heavy service, except that the detailed inspection may show the need for a non-destructive type of testing)
(c) Hooks shall not be returned to service until approve by a Qualified Person.
(d) Written records are required.
ASME B30.10 Hook Removal Criteria
Hooks shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible and shall only be returned to
service when approved by a qualified person:
- Missing or illegible hook manufacturer’s identification or secondary manufacturer’s identification
- Missing or illegible rated load identification
- Excessive pitting or corrosion
- Cracks, nicks, or gouges
- Wear—any wear exceeding 10% (or as recommended by the manufacturer) of the original section dimension of the hook or its load pin
- Deformation—any visible apparent bend or twist from the plane of the unbent hook
- Throat opening—any distortion causing an increase in throat opening of 5% not to exceed 1/4” (6mm), or as recommended by the manufacturer
- Inability to lock—any self-locking hook that does not lock
- Inoperative latch (if provided)—any damaged latch or malfunctioning latch that not close the hook’s throat
- Damaged, missing, or malfunctioning hook attachment and securing means
- Thread wear, damage, or corrosion
- Evidence of heat exposure or unauthorized welding
- Evidence of unauthorized alterations such as drilling, machining, grinding, or other modifications
OSHA crane hook inspection
Hooks with deformation or cracks should undergo a daily visual inspection. A monthly inspection should also be conducted, with certification records provided, including the inspection date, signatures of the personnel performing the inspection, and the serial number or other identifiers of the hooks being inspected. For hooks with cracks, or those with an opening that exceeds 15% of the normal throat opening, or a twist exceeding 10° from the plane of an unbent hook, specific standards can be found in OSHA 1910.179.
OSHA Hook Removal Criteria
- Throat opening, measured at the narrowest point, has increased by more than 15% of the original opening
- The hook has twisted more than 10° from the original plane of the hook
- The hook has lost 10% or more of its cross-sectional area
- The hook is cracked or otherwise defective
- Wear or damage exceeds any criteria specified by the manufacturer
GB standards of crane hook inspection criteria
GB/T 10051 specifies the inspection content, requirements, and inspection intervals for forged hooks during use.
Pre-use Inspection:
- The hook’s markings should match the manufacturer’s certificate of conformity.
- The markings on straight-shank single hooks and straight-shank double hooks must comply with the provisions of GB/T 10051.2-2010, sections 6.1 and 6.2, respectively.
- For hooks with a model number of 006 to 5, the opening dimension a2 should be rechecked. For other hook models, the measured lengths y, y1, and y2 (see Figures 1 and 2) should be checked. The values for single hooks must comply with the provisions in Table 1 and Table 2 of GB/T 10051.4, or Table 1 of GB/T 10051.5. For double hooks, they must comply with Table 1 of GB/T 10051.6, or Table 1 of GB/T 10051.7.
Usage Inspection:
Surface Cracks
Inspect the hook’s surface for cracks. If any cracks are found, the hook should be discarded.
Deformation
- For hooks with model numbers 006 to 5, the opening dimension a2 should be inspected. For other hook models, the measured lengths y, y1, and y2 (see Figures 1 and 2) should be rechecked. If the measured values exceed 10% of the pre-use dimensions, the hook should be discarded.
- Inspect the hook for torsional deformation. If the twist angle aa (see Figures 1 and 2) of the hook body exceeds 10°, the hook should be discarded.
- The hook’s shank should not have any plastic deformation; otherwise, it should be discarded.
Wear
The wear Δs (see Figures 1 and 2) of the hook should not exceed 5% of the basic dimensions (for single hooks, refer to Table 1, column h2 in GB/T 10051.4-2010; for double hooks, refer to Table 1, column h in GB/T 10051.6-2010). If the wear exceeds this limit, the hook should be discarded.
Corrosion
- The corrosion of the hook shank diameter d1 (see Figures 1 and 2) should not exceed 5% of the basic dimensions (for single hooks, refer to GB/T 10051.4; for double hooks, refer to GB/T 10051.6). If it does, the hook should be discarded.
- The threads of the hook must not be corroded.
Defects on the hook should not be repaired by welding.
Inspection Intervals and Inspectors:
- The frequency and regular inspection intervals are specified in Table 1 and Table 2.
- Frequent inspections can be carried out by the operators or other delegated personnel.
- Regular inspections should be conducted by dedicated inspection personnel. Inspectors should perform checks as per the requirements in section 3.2 of this part.
- Regular inspections should be documented and archived.
- For special usage conditions, separate regulations may be established.
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